Surface Thermal Insulation and Pipe Cooling of Spillways during Concrete Construction Period

Table 3

Temperature-control program.

Program	Pouring temperature [°C]	Surface thermal insulation [kJ·(m^2·h·°C)^−1]	Target temperature [°C]	Water pipe cooling
				Spacing [m × m]	Water temperature [°C]	Flow rate [m^3·h^−1]
Program 1	15	—	—	1.0 × 1.0	—	—
Program 2	15	20	28	1.0 × 1.0	13	2.0
Program 3	15	The thermal insulation coefficient is 20 at early stage and 5 after October.	28	1.0 × 1.0	13	2.0
Program 4	15	Curing with flowing water is conducted at the early stage and the thermal insulation coefficient is 5 after October.	28	1.0 × 1.0	13	2.0