Ultra-High-Speed Travelling Wave Protection of Transmission Line Using Polarity Comparison Principle Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition

Table 3

Simulation results for different fault locations.

Fault location	Fault distance/km	M side		N side		Results
		λ	Direction	λ	Direction
F1	10	−0.8160	Forward	−0.5732	Forward	Internal
	100	−0.8763	Forward	−0.4071	Forward	Internal
	190	−0.9378	Forward	−0.7965	Forward	Internal
F2	10	0.9972	Reverse	−0.9603	Forward	External
	50	0.9980	Reverse	−0.3843	Forward	External
	90	0.9972	Reverse	−0.9603	Forward	External