Asynchronous <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.3443pt" id="M1" height="16.2432pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0657574 -11.8989 30.4769 16.2432" width="30.4769pt"><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-0.017,0,0)"><path id="g198-9" d="M714 664L702 678C677 661 651 638 627 626C588 607 568 607 547 607C524 607 496 619 461 638C391 673 360 687 319 687C215 687 144 611 144 536S191 410 271 410C339 410 379 452 412 517L394 526C361 473 326 440 273 440C209 440 185 482 185 534S237 635 301 635C329 635 366 621 403 601C456 572 487 557 527 557C532 557 540 557 547 558C427 454 384 369 336 292C189 231 53 149 53 45C53 9 77 -15 110 -15C127 -15 146 -11 166 -4C260 31 369 152 443 298L550 339C495 254 446 155 446 77C446 21 481 -12 533 -12C594 -12 659 42 735 134L714 147C642 63 586 18 547 18C528 18 513 32 513 53C513 111 593 253 687 387C835 446 991 527 991 637C991 673 965 687 934 687C874 687 752 597 612 422L579 379C540 364 503 356 464 340C536 484 606 581 696 650L714 664ZM958 635C958 559 851 493 720 434C805 554 896 657 934 657C950 657 958 650 958 635ZM307 241C253 147 171 15 110 15C98 18 86 24 86 44C86 120 179 182 307 241Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,17.109,4.134)"><path id="g50-30" d="M1000 227C1000 351 905 451 780 451C658 451 590 380 530 279C465 385 388 451 261 451C168 451 38 376 38 210C38 98 121 -12 261 -12C381 -12 448 59 508 160C573 53 652 -12 780 -12C879 -12 1000 64 1000 227ZM485 199C434 109 370 25 271 25C188 25 133 117 133 241C133 355 189 414 249 414C357 414 426 302 485 199ZM903 204C903 70 852 25 790 25C681 25 611 136 552 240C603 330 669 414 768 414C855 414 903 321 903 204Z"/></g></svg> Estimation for Two-Dimensional Nonhomogeneous Markovian Jump Systems with Randomly Occurring Nonlocal Sensor Nonlinearities

Zhang, Rui; Zhang, Ying; Sreeram, Victor

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/195921

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Recent Developments on the Stability and Control of Stochastic Systems

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Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2015 | Article ID 195921 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/195921

Asynchronous Estimation for Two-Dimensional Nonhomogeneous Markovian Jump Systems with Randomly Occurring Nonlocal Sensor Nonlinearities

Rui Zhang,^1,2Ying Zhang,³and Victor Sreeram²

Academic Editor: Leonid Shaikhet

Received22 May 2015

Accepted19 Aug 2015

Published18 Oct 2015

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the problem of asynchronous estimation for a class of two-dimensional (2D) nonhomogeneous Markovian jump systems with nonlocal sensor nonlinearity, where the nonlocal measurement nonlinearity is governed by a stochastic variable satisfying the Bernoulli distribution. The asynchronous estimation means that the switching of candidate filters may have a lag to the switching of system modes, and the varying character of transition probabilities is considered to reside in a convex polytope. The jumping process of the error system is modeled as a two-component Markov chain with extended varying transition probabilities. A stochastic parameter-dependent approach is provided for the design of filter such that, for randomly occurring nonlocal sensor nonlinearity, the corresponding error system is mean-square asymptotically stable and has a prescribed performance index. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed estimation method.

1. Introduction

Two-dimensional (2D) systems have recently received considerable attention from scientific communities for their potential applications in various areas, such as image data processing and transmission, multidimensional digital filtering, and process control [1]. The analysis and synthesis of 2D systems are much more complicated than those of one-dimensional systems due primarily to their structural complexity. As a result, a great amount of effort has been invested in such systems, and many interesting and important results have been derived so far [2–6]. In the context of state estimation, filtering problems for 2D systems have also been deeply studied. To mention a few, the minimum mean-square state estimation has been addressed in [7, 8], the filtering problem has been tackled in [9–19], and the filtering problem has been considered in [20].

As is well known, Markovian jump linear systems, which were first introduced in [21], have been widely used to model a large variety of physical systems that experience abrupt changes in their structure and parameters. The transition probabilities play a crucial role in determining the behavior and performance of Markovian jump systems. In the case of time-varying transition probabilities, the Markov chain is viewed as nonhomogeneous. Most recently, a number of outstanding analysis and design results have been obtained for Markovian jump systems with nonhomogeneous transition probabilities [22, 23].

In particular, the filter design for Markovian jump systems has also been extensively investigated [23–25]. A popular solution is to find less conservative mode-dependent filters such that the resulting filtering error system is stable and satisfies certain performance. Most of the mode-dependent methods available rely on the ideal assumption that the switches of filters are strictly synchronized with those of the system modes. However, perfect synchronization is not always possible in practical situations owing to operations related to identifying the system mode and specifying the matched filter [26]. Thus, it seems more practicable and significant to design asynchronous filters for Markovian jump systems, especially for nonhomogeneous Markovian jump systems.

Moreover, sensor nonlinearities arise frequently under harsh filtering environments including both uncontrollable elements and aggressive conditions. It is worth pointing out that filtering techniques concerning the sensor nonlinearities usually provide a relatively reliable solution. State estimation related to Markov jump systems with sensor nonlinearities has been developed in terms of many sorts of methods [27]. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the problem of asynchronous estimation for 2D nonhomogeneous Markovian jump systems with nonlocal sensor nonlinearity has not been fully resolved, despite its deep practical implications.

Therefore, in this paper, we will handle the problem of asynchronous estimation for 2D nonhomogeneous Markovian jump systems with randomly occurring nonlocal sensor nonlinearity. A stochastic variable satisfying the Bernoulli binary distribution is employed to characterize the nonlocal nonlinear measurement behavior. The varying character of transition probabilities is described by means of a specified polytope, and the jumping process of the error system is represented by a two-component Markov chain with extended varying transition probabilities. The analysis result is derived by a stochastic parameter-dependent approach. The existence condition of the desired filter is then obtained such that, for randomly occurring nonlocal sensor nonlinearity, the corresponding error system is mean-square asymptotically stable and has a guaranteed performance level. A numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed design method.

Notations. The notation used throughout the paper is fairly standard. The superscript stands for matrix transposition, denotes the -dimensional Euclidean space, and means that is real symmetrical and positive definite. stands for the expectation operation. is the space of square summable sequences on . diag stands for a block-diagonal matrix, for a vector the diagonal matrix defined by the entries of is denoted by diag. For any symmetric matrix, represents a symmetric term. Moreover, for each integer , denotes the vector in defined by . Matrices, if their dimensions are not explicitly stated, are assumed to be compatible for algebraic operations.

2. Problem Formulation

Consider the 2D Markovian jump system with sensor nonlinearity in the Roesser model: where and represent the horizontal and vertical states, respectively, is the measured output, is the objective signal to be estimated, and is the noise signal which belongs to . The system matrices are functions of , which is a discrete-time, discrete-state Markov chain taking values in a finite set with mode transition probabilities: where and . To simplify the notation, the system matrices are denoted by , , , , , , when . Here, are the entries of the transition matrix , which is assumed to be of the form where and denote the vertices of the polytope.

Remark 1. It is worth stressing that, different from the homogeneous Markov chain concerned in the recently developed techniques for asynchronous filter design [18, 19, 27], the polytopic time-varying model of Markov chain under consideration is more practicable in the Markovian jump systems field. The homogeneous Markov chain has a critical assumption that the transition probabilities need to be known exactly. This ideal requirement sometimes inevitably limits the application of the derived results, since it can be hard or costly to obtain the precise information about the transition probabilities in practice. In view of that, it seems more reasonable to consider that the transition probabilities are affected by varying parameters.
The function represents the nonlocal sensor nonlinearity satisfying the following nonlocal sector condition [28]: where and are matrices, and are vectors, and is a positive real number. Moreover, the nonlinear function can be decomposed into a linear and a nonlinear part as where the nonlinearity satisfies with and . The stochastic variable , which is introduced to account for the phenomena of randomly occurring nonlocal sensor nonlinearity, is Bernoulli sequence taking the values of 1 and 0 with

Remark 2. It can be found that when , , and , the nonlocal sector nonlinearity in (4) reduces to the conventional sector nonlinearity [27], which implies that the nonlocal sector nonlinearity in (4) covers the conventional sector nonlinearity as a special case. Hence, the case considered in the sequel is more general.
For the asynchronous phenomenon considered, we are interested in estimating the objective signal by a filter as follows:where and are the filter states, is the estimation of , , , , and , , , are the filter gains corresponding to the current and previous stages, respectively, , and is a Bernoulli distributed white sequence specified by In addition, , , and are mutually independent.
In view of (1) and (8), the estimation error can be described by the following model: where and Interestingly, the jumping process of the error system in (10) forms a two-component Markov chain on with the extended varying transition probabilities given by The following definitions for the error system in (10) are necessary to formulate the considered problem. For more details, refer to [15] and the references therein.

Definition 3. System (10) is said to be mean-square asymptotically stable if for and bounded boundary conditions, the following holds: where .

Definition 4. Given a scalar , system (10) is said to be mean-square asymptotically stable with an disturbance attenuation level , if it is mean-square asymptotically stable, and under zero initial conditions satisfies for all nonzero , where Then, the estimation problem of interest is stated as follows: given , design a filter of the form in (8) such that the error system in (10) with extended varying transition probabilities (12) is mean-square asymptotically stable and has a prescribed performance level .

3. Filter Design

This section provides a procedure for designing the asynchronous filter, which guarantees that the error system with extended varying transition probabilities is mean-square asymptotically stable and has a prescribed disturbance attenuation level in the sense. First, we derive an analysis criterion to check if the norm of the error system in (10) is bounded by the asynchronous filter. The corresponding analysis result is summarized in the following theorem.

Theorem 5. Consider system (10) with extended varying transition probabilities (12) and let be a given constant. If there exist matrices and scalars , , such that where and , then the system in (10) is mean-square asymptotically stable and has a prescribed performance index .

Proof. First, we handle the stochastic stability of system (10) with . Construct the following index: where , which is represented as when . It follows from expression (18) that Collectively considering expression (19) and system (10) with , we have It is inferred from the sensor nonlinearity constraint in (6) that By the Schur complement property, the inequality in (16) yields , which means that Therefore, the system is mean-square asymptotically stable.
Next, to establish the performance for the system, we introduce the following index: It is shown from (23) that where and with By applying Schur’s complement again, the inequality in (16) guarantees , which implies that . Thus, the system is mean-square asymptotically stable and has a prescribed performance level. The proof is completed.

Remark 6. In Theorem 5, an analysis criterion for the underlying system is established by considering a nonhomogeneous Markovian process under asynchronous switching. By a closer inspection, it is found that the obtained condition reveals the relationship between the asynchronous switching and the performance level.
The developments above lead to the asynchronous filtering result in the next theorem.

Theorem 7. The system in (10) with extended varying transition probabilities (12) is mean-square asymptotically stable and has a prescribed performance index , if there exist matrices , , , , , , , , , , and scalars , , , such that where In this case, the admissible filter gains are given by

Proof. First, consider the system in (10) and define the matrices Notice that Further let the following matrices of the filter Then, in terms of the condition in (27), we get where Multiplying inequality (33) by the adequate coefficients and adding the resulting inequalities, together with the consideration of the fact that , yield inequality (16) in Theorem 5. Therefore, it follows from Theorem 5 that system (10) with extended varying transition probabilities (12) is mean-square asymptotically stable and has a prescribed performance level. Meanwhile, the filter gains in (29) follow immediately from (32). This completes the proof.

Remark 8. According to Theorem 7, the asynchronous filter can be designed for the addressed Markovian jump system with varying transition probabilities in the presence of randomly occurring nonlocal sensor nonlinearity. By solving the convex problem contained in Theorem 7, the performance can be optimized in terms of the feasibility of the corresponding condition. The result in Theorem 7 indicates that the different in (12) sparks off the different optimal achieved for the system in (10). Thus, the effect of the asynchronous behavior can be readily comprehended by comparing the performance indexes.

4. Numerical Example

In this section, an example is presented to demonstrate the merits of the proposed approach. Consider a 2D Markovian jump system with two operation modes and the parameters as follows: The varying transition probability matrix is assumed to be included in a polytope defined by its vertices: Moreover, the probabilities and are set as and , respectively.

By applying the filter design method in Theorem 7, the minimum cost is obtained as well as the resulting filter gain matrices:

Given paths of , , and demonstrated in Figure 1, the system initial condition , , the disturbance signal and the sensor nonlinearity , by using the achieved filter, it is seen that of the error system converges to zero, shown in Figure 2, which means that the obtained filter is effective in spite of the asynchronous switching and randomly occurring nonlocal sensor nonlinearity.

5. Conclusion

This paper has addressed the problem of asynchronous estimation for a class of 2D Markovian jump systems with varying transition probabilities in the presence of randomly occurring nonlocal sensor nonlinearity. The jumping process of the estimation error system is modeled by the Markov chain with extended varying transition probabilities. The existence condition of asynchronous filters has been derived to ensure the mean-square asymptotic stability and performance level of the error system. A numerical example has been provided that highlights the effectiveness of the developed estimation approach.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the Innovative Team Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61321062), by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20122302120069), by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (QC2010064), by the Basic Research Plan in Shenzhen City (JCYJ20120613135212389), and by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HIT.NSRIF.2011129).

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Copyright © 2015 Rui Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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