Decomposition and Decoupling Analysis of Energy-Related Carbon Emissions from China Manufacturing

Table 2

Eight decoupling states divided by Tapio [15].

Decoupling states	/	GDP/GDP	Decoupling elasticity values ()
Negative decoupling
Expansive negative decoupling	>0	>0
Strong negative decoupling	>0	<0
Weak negative decoupling	<0	<0
Decoupling
Weak decoupling	>0	>0
Strong decoupling	<0	>0
Recessive decoupling	<0	<0
Coupling
Expansive coupling	>0	>0
Recessive coupling	<0	<0