Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Research Article

Drying Characteristics and Model of Chinese Hawthorn Using Microwave Coupled with Hot Air

Table 3

Statistical results of 12 models at different drying conditions.


Model	Experimental factors			Evaluation criteria			Experimental factors			Evaluation criteria			Experimental factors			Evaluation criteria
Model	(°C)	(m/s)	(w/g)			RMSE	(°C)	(m/s)	(w/g)			RMSE	(°C)	(m/s)	(w/g)			RMSE

Newton	50	2	9	0.93996	0.00463	0.06802	60	1	9	0.95211	0.00419	0.06471	60	2	3	0.96803	0.00284	0.05327
	55	2	9	0.95286	0.004	0.06322	60	1.5	9	0.95682	0.00399	0.06317	60	2	6	0.93824	0.00567	0.07527
	60	2	9	0.95059	0.00475	0.06891	60	2	9	0.95625	0.0042	0.06478	60	2	9	0.95589	0.00414	0.06433
	65	2	9	0.96072	0.00337	0.05807	60	2.5	9	0.94461	0.00449	0.06701	60	2	12	0.93763	0.00563	0.07502
	70	2	9	0.93896	0.00438	0.06615	60	3	9	0.95038	0.00455	0.06745	60	2	15	0.9328	0.00645	0.08034

Page	50	2	9	0.97907	0.0017	0.0412	60	1	9	0.98064	0.00181	0.0425	60	2	3	0.99839	0.000150	0.01226
	55	2	9	0.99489	0.000461	0.02146	60	1.5	9	0.99206	0.000783	0.02798	60	2	6	0.99895	0.000103	0.01013
	60	2	9	0.99472	0.000542	0.02327	60	2	9	0.99622	0.000386	0.01965	60	2	9	0.99367	0.000633	0.02517
	65	2	9	0.99165	0.000756	0.0275	60	2.5	9	0.98102	0.00164	0.04052	60	2	12	0.99898	0.0000990	0.00995
	70	2	9	0.96146	0.00293	0.05409	60	3	9	0.99003	0.000962	0.03102	60	2	15	0.99471	0.000551	0.02347

Henderson and Pabis	50	2	9	0.94659	0.06415	0.06415	60	1	9	0.96106	0.00363	0.06027	60	2	3	0.98414	0.00148	0.03845
	55	2	9	0.9702	0.00268	0.05181	60	1.5	9	0.96854	0.0031	0.05569	60	2	6	0.96072	0.00384	0.062
	60	2	9	0.96562	0.00352	0.05937	60	2	9	0.9703	0.00304	0.05512	60	2	9	0.96795	0.00321	0.05663
	65	2	9	0.97023	0.0027	0.05194	60	2.5	9	0.95489	0.0039	0.06246	60	2	12	0.95652	0.0042	0.06483
	70	2	9	0.94336	0.0043	0.06557	60	3	9	0.96314	0.00356	0.05964	60	2	15	0.94608	0.00561	0.07491

Two term	50	2	9	0.99662	0.000307	0.01752	60	1	9	0.99647	0.000380	0.01948	60	2	3	0.99653	0.000359	0.01895
	55	2	9	0.97991	0.00207	0.04548	60	1.5	9	0.99865	0.000154	0.0124	60	2	6	0.99717	0.000320	0.01788
	60	2	9	0.97662	0.00277	0.05259	60	2	9	0.99831	0.000200	0.01414	60	2	9	0.99938	0.0000721	0.00849
	65	2	9	0.99803	0.000201	0.01417	60	2.5	9	0.96088	0.0039	0.06247	60	2	12	0.97758	0.00253	0.05029
	70	2	9	0.9972	0.000241	0.01551	60	3	9	0.99938	0.0000666	0.00816	60	2	15	0.9665	0.00414	0.06433

Two-term exponential	50	2	9	0.93992	0.00487	0.06981	60	1	9	0.97811	0.00204	0.04518	60	2	3	0.99829	0.000160	0.01263
	55	2	9	0.99275	0.000653	0.02556	60	1.5	9	0.98915	0.00107	0.0327	60	2	6	0.99549	0.000441	0.02101
	60	2	9	0.99106	0.000917	0.03028	60	2	9	0.99344	0.000671	0.02591	60	2	9	0.99051	0.000950	0.03082
	65	2	9	0.98941	0.000959	0.03097	60	2.5	9	0.97733	0.00196	0.04428	60	2	12	0.99531	0.000454	0.0213
	70	2	9	0.96033	0.00301	0.05488	60	3	9	0.986	0.00135	0.03675	60	2	15	0.98566	0.00149	0.03863

Verma et al.	50	2	9	0.95331	0.004	0.06323	60	1	9	0.96704	0.00329	0.05739	60	2	3	0.99211	0.000774	0.02782
	55	2	9	0.97991	0.00193	0.04394	60	1.5	9	0.97738	0.00239	0.04888	60	2	6	0.97418	0.00271	0.05202
	60	2	9	0.97662	0.00257	0.05068	60	2	9	0.98047	0.00214	0.04627	60	2	9	0.97683	0.00248	0.04984
	65	2	9	0.9755	0.00235	0.04848	60	2.5	9	0.96088	0.00362	0.0602	60	2	12	0.97758	0.00233	0.04832
	70	2	9	0.9455	0.0044	0.0663	60	3	9	0.9707	0.00299	0.05464	60	2	15	0.96685	0.00376	0.06134

Logarithmic	50	2	9	0.99579	0.000361	0.01899	60	1	9	0.99224	0.000775	0.02784	60	2	3	0.97221	0.00273	0.05222
	55	2	9	0.99309	0.000664	0.02577	60	1.5	9	0.99425	0.000607	0.02464	60	2	6	0.99275	0.000760	0.02756
	60	2	9	0.99496	0.000554	0.02354	60	2	9	0.99054	0.00104	0.03219	60	2	9	0.99495	0.000542	0.02328
	65	2	9	0.99309	0.000663	0.02576	60	2.5	9	0.99711	0.000268	0.01637	60	2	12	0.98199	0.00188	0.0433
	70	2	9	0.98706	0.00104	0.03231	60	3	9	0.99695	0.000310	0.01762	60	2	15	0.99658	0.000388	0.0197

Wang and Singh	50	2	9	0.995	0.000405	0.02013	60	1	9	0.99358	0.000599	0.02447	60	2	3	0.99388	0.000571	0.02389
	55	2	9	0.99593	0.000367	0.01916	60	1.5	9	0.99847	0.000151	0.01228	60	2	6	0.99336	0.000649	0.02548
	60	2	9	0.99846	0.000158	0.01259	60	2	9	0.99774	0.000231	0.01519	60	2	9	0.99927	0.000730	0.00855
	65	2	9	0.99805	0.000176	0.01328	60	2.5	9	0.99673	0.000282	0.01681	60	2	12	0.98791	0.00117	0.03419
	70	2	9	0.03501	0.00123	0.03501	60	3	9	0.99904	0.0000931	0.00965	60	2	15	0.99672	0.000341	0.01848

Approximation of diffusion	50	2	9	0.99501	0.000427	0.02067	60	1	9	0.99378	0.000621	0.02492	60	2	3	0.993	0.000687	0.02621
	55	2	9	0.99587	0.000396	0.01991	60	1.5	9	0.99848	0.000161	0.01268	60	2	6	0.99332	0.000700	0.02645
	60	2	9	0.9984	0.000176	0.01326	60	2	9	0.99755	0.000269	0.01639	60	2	9	0.99924	0.0000812	0.00901
	65	2	9	0.998	0.000189	0.01375	60	2.5	9	0.99674	0.000302	0.01737	60	2	12	0.98754	0.0013	0.03602
	70	2	9	0.98392	0.0013	0.03602	60	3	9	0.99908	0.0000936	0.00967	60	2	15	0.99671	0.000373	0.01931

Midilli et al.	50	2	9	0.99366	0.000574	0.02397	60	1	9	0.99405	0.000641	0.02531	60	2	3	0.69049	0.03206	0.17904
	55	2	9	0.30344	0.07171	0.26779	60	1.5	9	0.99855	0.000165	0.01283	60	2	6	0.31333	0.07752	0.27843
	60	2	9	0.99915	0.000101	0.01004	60	2	9	0.99905	0.000112	0.01056	60	2	9	0.33137	0.07721	0.27787
	65	2	9	0.38454	0.06274	0.25048	60	2.5	9	0.99716	0.000284	0.01684	60	2	12	0.16359	0.09434	0.30715
	70	2	9	0.98799	0.00103	0.03214	60	3	9	0.99919	0.0000869	0.00932	60	2	15	0.43633	0.07038	0.2653

Modified page	50	2	9	0.97907	0.0017	0.0412	60	1	9	0.98064	0.00181	0.0425	60	2	3	0.99839	0.0001.0	0.01226
	55	2	9	0.99489	0.000461	0.02146	60	1.5	9	0.99206	0.000783	0.02797	60	2	6	0.99895	0.000103	0.01013
	60	2	9	0.99472	0.000542	0.02327	60	2	9	0.99622	0.000386	0.01965	60	2	9	0.99367	0.000633	0.02517
	65	2	9	0.99165	0.000756	0.0275	60	2.5	9	0.98102	0.00164	0.04051	60	2	12	0.999	0.0000990	0.00995
	70	2	9	0.96146	0.00293	0.05409	60	3	9	0.99003	0.000962	0.03102	60	2	15	0.99471	0.000551	0.02346

Weibull distribution	50	2	9	0.99578	0.000383	0.01956	60	1	9	0.99477	0.000563	0.02373	60	2	3	0.99866	0.000139	0.01177
	55	2	9	0.99762	0.000245	0.01565	60	1.5	9	0.9986	0.000159	0.01262	60	2	6	0.99961	0.0000444	0.00666
	60	2	9	0.99915	0.000101	0.01005	60	2	9	0.99896	0.000123	0.01107	60	2	9	0.99941	0.0000678	0.00823
	65	2	9	0.99802	0.000201	0.01419	60	2.5	9	0.99722	0.000277	0.01665	60	2	12	0.99912	0.0000994	0.00997
	70	2	9	0.98706	0.00111	0.03336	60	3	9	0.99918	0.0000884	0.0094	60	2	15	0.99822	0.000222	0.0149

Note: “” represents temperature, “” represents velocity, and “” represents power density.