Comparison of Nonlinear Filtering Methods for Estimating the State of Charge of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Lithium-Ion Battery

Figure 8

Self-correcting capability for erroneous initial SoC: (a) estimation with SoC₀ = 0.95; (b) SoC estimation error for (a); (c) estimation with SoC₀ = 0.50; and (d) SoC estimation error for (c).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)