Improved Genetic Algorithm with Two-Level Approximation for Truss Optimization by Using Discrete Shape Variables

Table 4

Comparison of optimized design of twelve-bar planar truss.

Variable	Initial design	Present paper	Reference [13]
	15	10	31.18
	30	35	38.30
	15	10	9.21
	15	5	7.28
	10	4.11	1.00
	10	15.90	14.50
	10	1.13	1.98
	10	14.73	10.60
	10	1.17	2.10
	10	12.88	10.80
	10	0	1.46
	10	1.00	1.00
	10	3.23	5.73
	10	1.74	2.51
	10	2.59	1.00
	10	0	1.00
Struc. analyses		17	—
Weight (kg)		1023.3	1132.6
Critical constraint		2.1 × 10^−4	—