Incipient Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Based on the Reverse State Transformation of the Chaotic Duffing Oscillator and Sampling Integral Technology

Figure 3

Duffing system transformation from chaos state to large-scale state with white noise.

(a) Phase portrait of Duffing system on chaos state

(b) The transformation curve with and

(c) Phase portrait on large-scale state

(d) The transformation curve with and

(e) Phase portrait on large-scale state

(f) The transformation curve with and