Experimentation Using Short-Term Spectral Features for Secure Mobile Internet Voting Authentication

Table 1

The reference Sensus [20] and the proposed SMIV architecture’s fulfillment of the eight e-voting security requirements.

Serial number	Sensus	The proposed SMIV
1	Accuracy; Only one of several identical encrypted ballots got counted	Accuracy; (i) Only one of several identical encrypted ballots got counted; (ii) GPS location of place of voting to prevent agenda-driven or disinterested foreign hackers
2	Privacy; (i) Blind signature and data encryption using the RSAREF encryption library; (ii) Different servers run validator and tallier; (iii) Pollster does not run on a machine that runs either validator or tallier; (iv) Installation of personal copy of pollster on trusted machine by voter; (v) Anonymous channel	Privacy; (i) Blind signature and data encryption using the RSAREF encryption library; (ii) Different servers run registrar, validator, and tallier; (iii) Pollster does not run on a machine that runs either registrar, validator, or tallier; (iv) Installation of personal copy of pollster on trusted machine by voter; (v) Anonymous channel
3	Verifiability; (i) Publishing of a list of encrypted ballot, decryption keys, and decrypted ballots; (ii) Only voters can verify that their votes were counted correctly and correct any mistake anonymously	Verifiability; (i) Publishing of a list of encrypted ballot, decryption keys, and decrypted ballots; (ii) Only voters can verify that their votes were counted correctly and correct any mistake anonymously
4	Eligibility; (i) Voters ID number; (ii) Secret token; (iii) Blinded validation certificate and signed receipt to certify uniqueness of vote	Eligibility; (i) Voters ID number; (ii) Voice biometrics (short-term spectral features); (iii) GPS location; (iv) Blinded validation certificate and signed receipt to certify uniqueness of vote
5	Convenience; (i) Familiar devices and user interfaces; (ii) Casting of vote in one or two sessions	Convenience; (i) Familiar devices and user interfaces; (ii) Casting of vote in one or two sessions; (iii) Voter ID card affixed with NFC tags for autoloading of voting application
6	Mobility; Internet enabled computers	Mobility; (i) Internet enabled computers; (ii) Mobile devices
7	Flexibility; Ballot description language (BDL)	Flexibility; (i) XML/HTML; (ii) WML; (iii) Plain SMS
8	Incoercibility; Not implemented	Incoercibility; GPS location