Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting Using Support Vector Regression Optimized by Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm

Table 3

Performance evaluation for one-step- to four-step-ahead predictions.

Predictions	Methods	MAE (m/s)	RMSE (m/s)	MAPE (%)	(—)	IA (—)
One-step-ahead prediction	SVR	0.6911	0.9300	9.6650	0.9424	0.9846
	GA-SVR	0.6860	0.9184	9.6524	0.9435	0.9851
	PSO-SVR	0.6951	0.9376	9.6896	0.9414	0.9844
	COA-SVR	0.6836	0.9119	9.6371	0.9443	0.9853
Two-step-ahead prediction	SVR	1.0101	1.3598	14.6636	0.8779	0.9657
	GA-SVR	1.0418	1.4028	14.7376	0.8706	0.9630
	PSO-SVR	1.0472	1.4148	14.7800	0.8697	0.9618
	COA-SVR	1.0051	1.3420	14.6764	0.8800	0.9673
Three-step-ahead prediction	SVR	1.1608	1.5941	17.3654	0.8318	0.9521
	GA-SVR	1.1814	1.6129	17.5094	0.8285	0.9502
	PSO-SVR	1.2290	1.6662	17.7517	0.8181	0.9460
	COA-SVR	1.1515	1.5815	17.3018	0.8343	0.9539
Four-step-ahead prediction	SVR	1.2602	1.7247	18.9360	0.8043	0.9423
	GA-SVR	1.2616	1.7293	18.9662	0.8032	0.9421
	PSO-SVR	1.2761	1.7502	19.0296	0.7999	0.9398
	COA-SVR	1.2386	1.7079	18.8183	0.8075	0.9451