ESL Based Cylindrical Shell Elements with Hierarchical Shape Functions for Laminated Composite Shells

Table 1

Maximum displacements of the cylindrical shell with one layer.

Analysis types	1 × 1	2 × 2	4 × 4	8 × 8	16 × 16
Present analysis
-level = 3	0.3798	—	—	—	—
-level = 4	0.3746	—	—	—	—
-level = 5	0.3748	—	—	—	—
-level = 6	0.3748	—	—	—	—
-level = 7	0.3748	—	—	—	—
-level = 8	0.3748	—	—	—	—
-level = 9	0.3748	—	—	—	—
-level = 10	0.3748	—	—	—	—
4N
F	0.1478	0.2816	0.3484	0.3681	0.3731
R	0.1574	0.4072	0.3844	0.3772	0.3754
S	0.1574	0.4072	0.3844	0.3772	0.3754
8N
F	0.3220	0.3729	0.3747	0.3748	0.3748
R	0.4179	0.3770	0.3750	0.3748	0.3748
S	0.4179	0.3770	0.3750	0.3748	0.3748
9N
F	0.3129	0.3728	0.3747	0.3748	0.3748
R	0.4179	0.3770	0.3749	0.3748	0.3748
S	0.4179	0.3770	0.3749	0.3748	0.3748