On the Analytical Approach to Present Engineering Problems: Photovoltaic Systems Behavior, Wind Speed Sensors Performance, and High-Speed Train Pressure Wave Effects in Tunnels

<div>Wind tunnel measurements of the normal aerodynamic force coefficient, <svg height="9.63795pt" id="M203" style="vertical-align:-3.42779pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.21016 13.0734 9.63795" width="13.0734pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path d="M383 397C383 424 344 448 299 448C244 448 172 409 132 375C66 319 23 227 23 146C23 42 74 -12 146 -12C208 -12 298 30 359 103L343 124C315 95 248 48 192 48C145 48 111 85 111 163C111 228 129 294 151 330C171 363 201 401 241 401C275 401 302 384 325 356C332 347 339 344 348 348C373 360 383 381 383 397Z" id="g113-100"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="406" vert-adv-y="406"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,4.349,3.264)"><path d="M870 650H622L613 619C694 615 708 606 708 559C708 531 702 477 686 396L636 136H633L281 650H127L120 619C180 616 198 611 212 592C227 572 232 558 220 503L166 254C148 169 139 131 126 89C112 43 85 35 33 32L24 0H280L286 32C208 37 189 44 189 93C189 124 198 179 212 250L267 526H271L622 -8H655L732 396C747 477 762 532 770 556C785 600 798 616 862 619L870 650Z" id="g50-79"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="888" vert-adv-y="888"></glyph.data></g></svg>, of a conical cup, plotted as a function of the wind angle, <svg height="6.42315pt" id="M204" style="vertical-align:-0.2129903pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.21016 7.82384 6.42315" width="7.82384pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path d="M545 106L524 126C493 85 467 65 455 65C438 65 427 113 405 238C448 295 498 362 543 439L533 448L478 435C453 386 423 331 398 295H395C370 404 347 448 282 448C169 448 23 309 23 153C23 54 65 -12 128 -12C203 -12 283 70 339 155H341C360 29 380 -12 411 -12C444 -12 491 11 545 106ZM333 204C265 95 210 54 169 54C137 54 113 96 113 171C113 302 191 405 252 405C301 405 318 306 333 204Z" id="g113-223"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="568" vert-adv-y="568"></glyph.data></g></svg>, regarding the cup. These measurements were carried out with the cup in affixed position (i.e., not considering any rotation).</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 5

Figure 5: On the Analytical Approach to Present Engineering Problems: Photovoltaic Systems Behavior, Wind Speed Sensors Performance, and High-Speed Train Pressure Wave Effects in Tunnels 

Figure 5 | On the Analytical Approach to Present Engineering Problems: Photovoltaic Systems Behavior, Wind Speed Sensors Performance, and High-Speed Train Pressure Wave Effects in Tunnels 