A Comprehensive Survey on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Its Applications

Pseudocode 1

A standard PSO.

Step  1. Initialization

 For each particle , do

   (a) Initialize the particle’s position with a uniformly distribution as (0)~U(LB, UB), where LB and UB represent the lower

    and upper bounds of the search space

   (b) Initialize to its initial position: .

   (c) Initialize to the minimal value of the swarm: .

   (d) Initialize velocity: .

Step  2. Repeat until a termination criteria is met

 For each particle , do

   (a) Pick random numbers: .

   (b) Update particle’s velocity. See formula (2).

   (c) Update particle’s position. See formula (3).

   (d) If , do

    (i) Update the best known position of particle : .

    (ii) If , update the swarm’s best known position: .

   (e) ;

Step  3. Output that holds the best found solution.