An Image Watermarking Scheme Using Arnold Transform and Fuzzy Smooth Support Vector Machine

Table 3

Experimental results of watermark imperceptibility and robustness after changing carrier image.

Attacks	AT + FSSVM		IAT + LSSVM		IAT + FSSVM
	PSNR	BER	PSNR	BER	PSNR	BER
Image brightening (+75)	14.8985	0.0347	15.0029	0.0095	15.0029	0.0091
Image darkening (−50)	16.5895	0.0158	16.4844	0.0039	16.4844	0.0084
Image histogram equalization	21.9937	0.0439	21.9832	0.0101	21.9832	0.0067
Gaussian noise ( = 0 and = 0.02)	38.8298	0.0431	37.8283	0.0054	37.8283	0.0076
Median filter (9 9)	33.0709	0.1410	34.5537	0.0381	34.5537	0.0277
JPEG compression (10%)	36.1963	0.0379	34.7436	0.0131	34.7436	0.0135
Geometric cutting (left 100 300)	23.6165	0.0193	12.8017	0.0049	12.8017	0.0106
Geometric rotation	18.8558	0.0530	22.5508	0.0135	22.5508	0.0073