Spacecraft Multiple-Impulse Trajectory Optimization Using Differential Evolution Algorithm with Combined Mutation Strategies and Boundary-Handling Schemes

Table 6

Results of Cassini mission solved by some DE variants [16] and optimized by DE_CMSBHS.

Algorithms	Mean (Std)
	FEs = 5 × 10^4	FEs = 10^5
DE/rand/1	21.9978 (8.2737)	20.4402 (6.6093)
DE/current-to-best/1	21.5929 (7.4938)	19.8935 (6.7393)
SADE	19.8826 (4.9374)	19.0914 (4.3840)
JADE	19.4690 (4.8837)	18.7155 (4.0283)
MDE_pBX	14.1815 (3.9485)	11.2812 (3.0182)
DE_CMSBHS	12.9645 (4.2571)	10.6425 (3.6447)