Hybrid Electromagnetism-Like Algorithm for Dynamic Supply Chain Network Design under Traffic Congestion and Uncertainty

Table 5

The impact of traffic congestion in SCND problem.

Cost component	Value	Value (neglecting congestion)	Relative percent change
Total system cost	184.15	189.21	2.75%
Total facility maintenance cost	3.39	3.39	0.00%
Total facility opening cost	101.02	101.02	0.00%
Total facility closing cost	6.01	6.01	0.00%
Total demand violation cost	—	—	0.00%
Total supply violation cost	11.79	11.79	0.00%
Total transportation cost	37.22	35.78	−4.02%
Total congestion cost	24.73	31.22	20.79%