Implications of a Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Urban Development in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Table 2

Suitability criteria for urban development.

Land attribute	Suitability criteria of factor
	Unsuitable	Moderate with limitations	Most suitable
Slope gradient (%)	>15	8–15	<8
Soil texture	Sand, silt	Loamy sand, sandy clay loam, silt clay loam	Loam, clay loam, silt loam
Soil character	Moving sand, undeveloped soil, boggy, saline, rock	Water, wind eroded, content of stones, low humus, permafrost, and so forth	No evidence of erosion, low amounts of stone, sufficient humus content, and so forth
Distance from road (m)	<100; >3000	1500–3000	100–1500
Aspect (degrees)	North 0–22.5; 337.5–360	West 22.5–112.5; East 247.5–337.5	South 112.5–247.5
Close to built-up area (m)	>3000	1500–3000	150–1500
Close to river (m)	<500; >3000	1500–3000	500–1500
Vegetation cover (NDVI index)	<0.2	0.2–0.3	0.3–0.8

Department of Housing [27].
City and village planning and construction norms and rules (no. 30-01-04) of Mongolia [28].