Research Article

Prediction of Natural Gas Consumption in Different Regions of China Using a Hybrid MVO-NNGBM Model

Table 1

MAPE of prediction results for 30 regions in China.

RegionMAPE
Province
GM (1,1)VerhulstNGBM (1,1)MVO-NGBM

North ChinaBeijing16.0%2.9%5.9%3.1%
Tianjin21.8%2.4%6.3%2.8%
Hebei15.2%2.7%7.6%3.1%
Shanxi16.8%1.8%5.7%1.8%
Inner Mongolia4.8%5.7%4.6%4.6%

Northeast ChinaLiaoning20.8%12.9%9.2%6.2%
Jilin5.6%5.6%1.1%0.8%
Heilongjiang2.9%1.1%1.4%0.2%

East ChinaShanghai6.3%1.3%1.4%1.3%
Jiangsu10.5%4.3%7.7%3.7%
Zhejiang14.6%5.0%6.7%4.9%
Anhui9.3%3.4%6.1%2.4%
Fujian7.4%6.2%7.0%5.8%
Jiangxi13.6%2.0%2.2%1.9%
Shandong8.5%2.4%2.4%2.3%

South-Central ChinaHenan8.1%4.6%3.8%2.1%
Hubei10.5%2.5%5.3%2.9%
Hunan10.2%2.0%3.3%1.4%
Guangdong4.1%5.1%6.1%0.2%
Guangxi10.8%7.9%8.3%9.3%
Hainan1.0%2.5%6.4%0.5%

West ChinaChongqing7.5%1.5%2.1%1.5%
Sichuan3.7%5.8%1.8%1.4%
Guizhou32.4%5.4%6.8%5.0%
Yunnan9.0%57.8%14.9%3.9%
Shaanxi6.0%0.8%20.9%0.7%
Gansu10.3%3.1%5.1%0.2%
Qinghai5.7%2.3%4.8%2.5%
Ningxia4.0%3.9%10.9%3.8%
Xinjiang12.5%6.0%8.4%7.6%

Average10.3%5.7%6.1%2.9%