Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Model Uncertainty in Predicting Soil Nail Loads Using Default and Modified FHWA Simplified Methods

Figure 10

Bias versus input parameters of the default FHWA simplified nail load equation (see (4)): (a) empirical depth factor, ; (b) active earth pressure coefficient, ; (c) overburden pressure at base of the wall, ; (d) tributary area, .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)