Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Model Uncertainty in Predicting Soil Nail Loads Using Default and Modified FHWA Simplified Methods

<div>Influence of <i>δ</i>/<i>ϕ</i> on maximum likelihood evaluation outcomes of (a) maximum value of log-likelihood function, <span class="nowrap"><svg height="12.5318pt" id="M181" style="vertical-align:-3.29565pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.23615 37.6353 12.5318" width="37.6353pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M238 0V26C174 32 166 38 166 104V712C132 700 70 683 18 677V653C81 647 87 645 87 577V104C87 38 78 32 15 26V0H238Z" id="g121-106"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,3.289,0)"><path d="M524 0V26C466 32 460 36 460 104V297C460 393 411 449 331 449C302 449 276 437 248 419C223 402 201 387 181 372V451C137 432 90 420 42 411V388C96 378 102 374 102 310V104C102 38 97 33 29 26V0H246V26C187 32 181 36 181 104V339C211 365 250 390 290 390C357 390 381 345 381 276V109C381 40 374 32 315 26V0H524Z" id="g121-108"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.618,0)"><path 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Mathematical Problems in Engineering

fig8

Figure 8

Figure 8: Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Model Uncertainty in Predicting Soil Nail Loads Using Default and Modified FHWA Simplified Methods 