Design Analysis and Observed Performance of a Tieback Anchored Pile Wall in Sand

Table 8

The partial factor used in the European code.

Parameter		Symbol	DA1-1			DA1-2			DA2			DA3
			A1	M1	R1	A2	M2	R1	A1	M1	R2	A1	A2	M2	R3
Permanent action	Unfavourable		1.35			1.0			1.35			1.35	1.0
	Favourable		1.0						1.0
Variable action	Unfavourable		1.5			1.3			1.5			1.5	1.3
	Favourable	-	0			0			0			0
Shearing resistance ()				1.0			1.25			1.0				1.25
Unit weight (γ)							1.0							1.0
Bearing resistance (Rv)					1.0			1.0			1.4				1.0
Sliding resistance (Rh)											1.1
Earth resistance (Re)											1.4