Development of Accurate Lithium-Ion Battery Model Based on Adaptive Random Disturbance PSO Algorithm

Figure 1

Optimization procedure: (a) the motion curve of the global optimal solution of the standard PSO; (b) the fitness curve of the global solution of the standard PSO; (c) the motion curve of the global solution of the LPSO; (d) the fitness curve of the standard LPSO.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)