Research Article

Development of Accurate Lithium-Ion Battery Model Based on Adaptive Random Disturbance PSO Algorithm

Figure 3

Statistical results diagram of historical local optimal updating (in which the red point presents the standard PSO, the green point presents the LPSO, and the blue point presents ARDPSO; the abscissa values 1-9 correspond to benchmarks 1-9, and the ordinate value indicates the number of updating times).