Development of Accurate Lithium-Ion Battery Model Based on Adaptive Random Disturbance PSO Algorithm

Table 5

Error result of least square, LPSO, and ARDPSO in test operating conditions.

Algorithm	Error	Simple model	First-order RC	Second-order RC
Least Square	RMS Error	0.0472	0.0451	0.0426
	Max Error	0.7836	0.7045	0.7264
	Acc Error	578.7310	413.8880	383. 9528
LPSO	RMS Error	0.0472	0.0443	0.0434
	Max Error	0.7836	0.7196	0.7494
	Acc Error	578.5120	386.2990	347.1315
ARDPSO	RMS Error	0.0461	0.0421	0.0397
	Max Error	0.7836	0.7139	0.7217
	Acc Error	544.5102	323.9048	313.6077