Vulnerability Analysis of Ancient Timber Architecture by Considering the Correlation of Different Failure Modes

Table 1

Limit states of components of Huashi Fire God Temple.

Damage states	Failure characteristics			Measures of repair	Interstory drift ratio	Rotation angle of mortise-tenon joints
	Wood frame	Roof	Wall
Basically intact	Intact	Part of the tile slipped down. Few ridge ornaments slightly damaged.	Part of the plaster cracked and peeled off.	Do not need repair	≤1/442	> 1.5631
Minor damage	No damage to the wood frame. Few column roots have slipped slightly. Paint on the part of the components peeling off.	Ridge slightly damaged. Few ridge ornaments damaged and fallen off. Tiles of some areas have slipped down.	The wall is obviously cracked, and the plaster peeled off.	Only a few damage spots require repairs, but not affecting the functioning of the building and safety.	[]	1.5419-1.5631
Medium damage	Few tenons slightly pulled out of mortise. Few beams and columns slightly cracked at the joints. Few columns are skewed.	Ridge and ridge ornaments seriously cracked and fallen down. Most of the tiles slipped down. The roof slightly deformed.	Complete wall basically hollowed out and separated from the beam and column, partially tilted and collapsed.	In urgent need of professional design and repair.	[]	1.5419-1.5227
Severe damage	Many tenons pulled out of mortise. Column roots have seriously slipped. Wooden frame is skewed.	Ridge and ridge ornaments totally damaged. The roof seriously deformed.	Most of the wall collapsed.	Cultural relic value has been weakened and hard to renovate.	[]	1.4938-1.5227
Collapse	Most tenons pulled out of mortise. Wooden frame seriously deformed.	The roof totally collapsed.	Complete wall collapsed.	Impossible to renovate.	1/16	<1.4938