Energy Demand Forecasting: Combining Cointegration Analysis and Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

Table 4

Prediction accuracy test for the optimal model.

Method	Criteria	MAE	MSE	MAPE (%)	RMSE
AGA (linear)		0.3122	0.1023	2.01	0.3198
AGA (quadric)		0.2704	0.0932	1.73	0.3052
GA (linear) Canyurt and Öztürk [11]		0.4212	0.1652	2.95	0.4064
GA (quadric)		0.3408	0.1206	2.44	0.3473
ACO (Toksari [13])		0.5874	0.3165	4.15	0.5626
GM (Hsu and Chen [18])		0.6731	0.4239	5.83	0.6511
OLS		0.8019	0.4832	8.68	0.6951