Risk Assessment of Low-Speed Wind Power Projects Based on an Aggregated Cloud Method: A Case in China

Table 1

Rank of risk factors through questionnaires.

Risk factors	Rank	PO	ED	CRG	Normalization	Reference
Wind resource condition risk	1	5.21	5.61	5.41	1	1,4,9,11,12,13,; 14,15,16
Wind turbine selection risk	2	5.00	5.39	5.19	0.9101	8,9,13,17
Technology maturity	3	4.96	5.11	5.04	0.8441	2,3,5
Change of supporting laws	4	4.25	5.43	4.80	0.7470	1,2,4,7,8
Feed-in tariff risk	5	4.46	5.14	4.79	0.7420	1,2,3,4
Electricity consumption demand	6	4.61	4.96	4.78	0.7382	1,9,11,13
Topographic condition	7	4.61	4.93	4.77	0.7310	1,2,5,7
Design/construction deficiencies	8	4.43	5.07	4.74	0.7201	2,5,
Technology progressiveness	9	4.39	5.11	4.74	0.7190	1,3,5,9,10,11
Construction cost risk	10	4.43	5.00	4.71	0.7060	1,4,9,10,11,12,; 14,16,17,18
Profitability risk	11	4.21	5.14	4.66	0.6850	1,2,5,7
Insolvency risk	12	4.21	5.04	4.61	0.6646	1,2,3,5,12
Construction period	13	4.32	4.89	4.60	0.6610	2,5,12
Site selection risk	14	4.25	4.79	4.51	0.6240	4,9,11,12,13,14,; 15,16
Operation & maintenance risk	15	4.14	4.71	4.42	0.5861	2,5,12,13,14
Lack of commercialization operation mechanism	16	4.00	4.61	4.29	0.5331	11
Delay in project approvals and permits	17	4.00	4.57	4.28	0.5261	2,5,6,9,14
Operation cost risk	18	4.00	4.43	4.21	0.4979	1,2,5,10,12,14,19
Financial subsidy risk	19	3.86	4.57	4.20	0.4938	1,2,3,4
Tax privilege risk	20	4.04	4.32	4.18	0.4841	1,5,6
Climate conditions	21	3.79	4.50	4.13	0.4637	1,2,5,7,12
Wind resources assessment risk	22	3.82	4.39	4.10	0.4511	1,4,9,11,12,13,; 14,15,16
Wind farm set placement risk	23	3.82	4.36	4.08	0.4441	1,17
Independence R&D capacity	24	3.79	4.32	4.04	0.4291	3,7,8,9,10,11
Land acquisition risk	25	3.79	4.04	3.91	0.3721	2,4,5,7,9
Lack of coordination of the supply chain of wind power industry	26	3.64	4.14	3.88	0.3621	4,8,10,11
Market growth potential	27	3.89	3.86	3.87	0.3579	2,3,9,10
Public acceptance of risk	28	4.11	3.61	3.85	0.3471	1,5,7,11
Related standards support	29	3.57	4.14	3.85	0.3460	4,8,9,10,11,12,13
Consulting risk	30	3.89	3.68	3.78	0.3199	8
Construction safety risk	31	3.68	3.71	3.70	0.2831	3
Competitiveness of other renewable energy	32	3.64	3.75	3.70	0.2830	11,18
Ecological balance risk	33	3.57	3.54	3.55	0.2233	17,16
Wind curtailment	34	3.43	3.50	3.46	0.1858	8,9
Connection to power grid risk	35	3.14	3.75	3.43	0.1728	1,3,8,9,11,18
Green power certificates risk	36	3.29	3.46	3.37	0.1479	1
Insurance risk	37	3.32	3.32	3.32	0.1260	8
Inflation	38	2.61	3.50	3.02	0	2,3,5

Reference: 1=[22]; 2=[23]; 3=[10]; 4=[24]; 5=[6]; 6=[25]; 7=[7]; 8=[11]; 9=[26]; 10=[4]; 11=[5]; 12=[27]; 13=[28]; 14=[8]; 15=[29]; 16=[30]; 17=[31]; 18=[9]; 19=[32].