Influence of the Temporomandibular Joint in the Estimation of Bone Density in the Mandible through a Bone Remodelling Model

Activation pattern of the jaw closing and opening muscles during unilateral mastication. The ipsilateral (I) muscles are above, in the upper y-axis, while the contralateral (C) ones are represented in the inferior y-axis. The amplitudes are normalized to the corresponding peak of muscle force, given in Commisso et al. [14]. The closing and opening phases are named after those muscles which are active during the corresponding phase (jaw opening or jaw closing muscles) and not after the direction of the movement, which is shown down in the figure. The instant of CO is indicated with a red vertical arrow.