Potential Launch Opportunities for a SmallSat Mission around the Moon Injected during a Lunar Flyby En Route to Mars

Table 4

Details of the spacecraft’s expected mass budgets for each mission year, which were derived from the payload capabilities of the following heavy launch vehicles: Ariane 5, Proton M, and Atlas V.

Launch vehicle	Launch year	EMD option		EMMGA option		Dry mass ratio (%)
		Prop. mass (kg)	Dry mass (kg)	Prop. mass (kg)	Dry mass (kg)
Ariane 5	2026	2130.00	2370.00	4995.57	2004.43	84.58
	2028	2268.59	2231.41	5237.36	1762.64	78.99
	2031	3160.69	1339.31	5457.15	1542.85	115.20
	2033	2392.58	2107.42	5141.71	1858.29	88.18
	2035	2172.82	2327.18	5054.76	1945.24	83.59
	2041	2101.99	2398.01	5037.27	1962.73	81.85
	2043	2207.79	2292.21	5259.01	1740.99	75.95
	2045 (A type)	3030.16	1469.84	5385.95	1614.05	109.81
	2045 (B type)	2372.94	2127.06			75.88
Proton M	2026	2167.87	2412.13	4203.41	1686.59	69.92
	2028	2308.92	2271.08	4406.86	1483.14	65.31
	2031	3216.88	1363.12	4591.80	1298.20	95.24
	2033	2435.11	2144.89	4326.39	1563.61	72.90
	2035	2211.45	2368.55	4253.22	1636.78	69.10
	2041	2139.36	2440.64	4238.50	1651.50	67.67
	2043	2647.83	1932.17	4425.08	1464.92	75.82
	2045 (A type)	3084.03	1495.97	4531.90	1358.10	90.78
	2045 (B type)	2415.33	2164.67			62.74
Atlas V	2026	2565.47	2854.53	4810.02	1929.98	67.61
	2028	2732.39	2687.61	5042.83	1697.17	63.15
	2031	3806.88	1613.12	5254.45	1485.55	92.09
	2033	2881.72	2538.28	4950.74	1789.26	70.49
	2035	2617.04	2802.96	4867.01	1872.99	66.82
	2041	2531.74	2888.26	4850.17	1889.83	65.43
	2043	3133.50	2286.50	5063.68	1676.32	73.31
	2045 (A type)	3649.64	1770.36	5185.90	1554.10	87.78
	2045 (B type)	2858.08	2561.92			60.66