Three-Dimensional Upper Bound Limit Analysis on the Collapse of Shallow Soil Tunnels considering Roof Stratification and Pore Water Pressure

Figure 8

Weight of the collapsed soil masses with varying parameters: (a) pore water pressure coefficient; (b) layer thickness; (c) cohesion; (d) nonlinear coefficient; (e) unit weight; (f) support pressure; (g) ground overload.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)