Modification of Vertical Earth Pressure Formulas for High Fill Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Using Experimental and Numerical Methods

Table 1

Physical property indexes of loess.

Specific gravity	Natural	Optimum	Maximum	Plastic
of soil grain	moisture content	moisture content	dry density	index
	ω(%)	(%)	(g/cm^3)	(%)
2.69	4.33	15.25	1.925	9.47