Combination Synchronization of Three Nonidentical Ecological Systems with Species Invasion

<div class="floats-full-page floats-full-page-figure"><h2>Figure 1</h2><div class="floats-full-page-caption"><figcaption class="fig-group-caption"><p>Combination synchronization of systems (<a href="../../8591823/#EEq2">2</a>), (<a href="../../8591823/#EEq3">3</a>), and (<a href="../../8591823/#EEq4">4</a>). The four graphs describe the time involution of state vectors of system (<a href="../../8591823/#EEq2">2</a>) (without and with invasive species), (a) and (b); state vectors of combined systems of (<a href="../../8591823/#EEq3">3</a>) and (<a href="../../8591823/#EEq4">4</a>), <svg height="9.14241pt" id="M158" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 12.2751 9.14241" width="12.2751pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 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d="M290 377C321 398 342 415 358 430C378 450 389 473 389 502C389 578 329 635 238 635H237C184 635 137 610 109 578L64 515L88 493C112 529 154 573 208 573S303 542 303 482C303 409 233 370 141 341L149 308C165 313 190 319 215 319C272 319 341 283 341 193C342 98 292 43 222 43C163 43 122 72 96 94C88 101 79 100 70 94C61 87 47 73 46 60C44 47 48 37 62 23C76 10 118 -12 165 -12C238 -12 430 62 430 223C430 297 379 359 290 375V377Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.363,3.132)"><path d="M462 177V227H365V632H320C217 496 116 350 21 208V177H284V109C284 43 280 38 190 31V0H451V31C369 38 365 43 365 108V177H462ZM284 227H88C155 336 218 430 282 519H284V227Z"></path></g></svg>=0.2, and the other parameters are given in (<a href="../../8591823/#EEq33">36</a>)~(<a href="../../8591823/#EEq35">38</a>).</p></figcaption></div><div class="floats-full-page-content"><figure class="figure-group responsive"><div class="sub-figure" id="a"><object data="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2019/8591823/figures/8591823.fig.001a.svgz" name="8591823.fig.001a" type="image/svg+xml"></object><div class="fig-label">(a) </div></div><div class="sub-figure" id="b"><object data="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2019/8591823/figures/8591823.fig.001b.svgz" name="8591823.fig.001b" type="image/svg+xml"></object><div class="fig-label">(b) </div></div><div class="sub-figure" id="c"><object data="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2019/8591823/figures/8591823.fig.001c.svgz" name="8591823.fig.001c" type="image/svg+xml"></object><div class="fig-label">(c) </div></div><div class="sub-figure" id="d"><object data="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2019/8591823/figures/8591823.fig.001d.svgz" name="8591823.fig.001d" type="image/svg+xml"></object><div class="fig-label">(d) </div></div></figure></div></div>

Figure 1 | Combination Synchronization of Three Nonidentical Ecological Systems with Species Invasion

title

Figure 1: Combination Synchronization of Three Nonidentical Ecological Systems with Species Invasion

description

Figure 1

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