The Heterogeneous Effects of FDI and Foreign Trade on CO₂ Emissions: Evidence from China

Table 6

Quantile regression results.

Variables	Quantile levels
	Panel A. The effect of FDI on CO2 emissions
FDI	-0.0309	-0.0296	-0.0374	-0.0420	-0.0383	-0.0392	-0.0423	-0.0604	-0.0668	-0.0731	-0.0686
GDP	1.3393	1.2199	0.6182	0.5770	0.4405	0.5283	0.5339	0.5810	0.3151	0.5255	0.9638
GDP^2	-0.0565	-0.0521	-0.0227	-0.0198	-0.0130	-0.0168	-0.0161	-0.0156	0.0009	-0.0079	-0.0312
ENC	0.6591	0.7026	0.7286	0.6957	0.6992	0.6920	0.6819	0.6223	0.5624	0.5205	0.5126
URB	0.0905	0.1250	0.1183	0.1345	0.1178	0.1121	0.1099	0.1347	0.1637	0.1162	0.1742
INDUS	0.2787	0.2110	0.1864	0.2184	0.2136	0.1798	0.1381	0.1622	0.1095	0.1353	0.0701
ENS	0.4112	0.4289	0.4702	0.4480	0.4269	0.4147	0.4037	0.3945	0.3584	0.3347	0.3637
POP	-0.1603	-0.1419	-0.1217	-0.1368	-0.1460	-0.1471	-0.1503	-0.1686	-0.1840	-0.2092	-0.2226
Panel B. The effect of TRADE on CO2 emissions
TRADE	-0.0351	-0.0049	-0.0120	-0.0129	-0.0206	-0.0307	-0.0394	-0.0479	-0.0587	-0.0657	-0.0684
GDP	1.2686	1.2269	0.7129	0.6086	0.6093	0.5702	0.5028	0.7084	0.8448	1.3761	1.2673
GDP^2	-0.0513	-0.0529	-0.0261	-0.0204	-0.0198	-0.0163	-0.0105	-0.0194	-0.0253	-0.0519	-0.0469
ENC	0.6408	0.7322	0.6870	0.6733	0.6759	0.6488	0.6100	0.5693	0.5604	0.5348	0.5343
URB	0.1578	0.0460	0.0533	0.0485	0.0498	0.0627	0.0559	0.0799	0.0826	0.1118	0.1218
INDUS	0.2455	0.1805	0.1064	0.0984	0.0989	0.1112	0.1127	0.0792	0.0896	-0.0370	-0.0470
ENS	0.4400	0.4855	0.4687	0.4656	0.4586	0.4348	0.4252	0.3838	0.3655	0.3806	0.4045
POP	-0.1835	-0.1342	-0.1522	-0.1574	-0.1549	-0.1645	-0.1838	-0.1895	-0.1921	-0.1980	-0.2146

Note: , , and denote the significance at 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively.