Estimation of Vehicle Carbon Emissions in China Accounting for Vertical Curve Effects

Table 9

Cumulative carbon emissions of car I on vertical curve and vertical profile sections.

No.	(km/h)	Indicators				Cumulative predicted CO2 emissions (g)				Cumulative tested CO2 emissions (g)				Diff. (%)
		i1 (%)	i2 (%)	R (m)	Lvp^c (m)	Vertical curve		Vertical profile		Vertical curve		Vertical profile
						Forward	Reverse	Forward	Reverse	Forward	Reverse	Forward	Reverse
1	100	1.2	0.6	54000	530	64.38	40.29	104.02	65.10	63.27	38.31	106.37	62.77	5.16
2	100	1.2	0.5	20000	530	27.14	17.53	102.75	66.37	28.25	16.65	105.86	69.43	5.29
3	100	3.5	2.2	24000	850	90.35	9.76	246.14	29.62	89.75	9.86	245.09	30.05	1.42
4	100	3.5	2.2	50000	850	188.23	20.33	246.14	27.72	179.06	21.93	242.41	26.53	7.29
5	60	4.5	1	4000	500	36.63	7.77	130.82	34.76	38.68	7.45	134.50	32.98	5.41
6	60	4.5	0.95	4600	500	42.53	9.23	130.23	34.88	40.69	9.21	132.41	35.61	4.53
7	60	4.45	1.1	9000	500	79.25	16.26	131.42	30.66	80.54	15.50	136.11	29.11	5.34
8	100	2	−2	16000	1160	106.17	106.17	192.44	192.44	99.77	100.14	182.66	182.66	6.42
9	100	2	−2	24000	1160	159.26	159.26	192.44	192.44	151.15	152.08	193.98	191.98	5.36
10	60	2	−2	16000	1160	112.49	112.49	203.88	203.88	107.09	108.54	200.08	189.18	7.77
11	60	2	−2	24000	1160	168.73	168.73	203.88	203.88	156.14	156.28	208.41	189.82	8.06
12	60	5	−5	1500	710	27.51	27.51	149.90	149.90	26.54	28.53	141.39	138.08	8.56
13	60	5.1	−5.08	5000	710	93.88	93.48	138.29	137.80	87.14	89.11	135.77	129.85	7.74
14	60	6	−5.88	2000	800	45.85	44.80	182.22	179.55	45.04	45.28	174.13	170.45	5.34
15	60	6.01	−6	5000	800	114.99	114.77	163.41	163.14	115.60	114.09	159.13	153.50	6.28
16	60	−4	4.05	1750	565	25.19	24.89	108.24	107.43	24.05	23.10	100.11	100.57	8.12
17	60	−3.95	4	4600	565	65.31	64.52	104.10	103.07	60.27	62.04	96.76	97.15	8.37

^cL_vp indicates the distance of vertical profile (m).