Lithium-Ion Battery Parameters and State of Charge Joint Estimation Using Bias Compensation Least Squares and the Alternate Algorithm

Table 2

Alternate algorithm for state of charge (SOC) estimation.

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Initialization

Current , terminal voltage at each time, and initial SOC

L = 

Weighting matrices: , , , and

Set SOC_ALT

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Estimation process

For

 Step 1: HIF algorithm

 Determine

   (35)

 Step 2: linearize via (25)

 Step 3: calculate gain matrix

   (36)

 Step 4: calculate estimation of

   (37)

 Step 5: state estimation at time

   (38)

 Step 6: update covariance matrix

   (39)

 Step 7: output SOC estimation at time

   (40)

If the amplitude of the SOC < 1%

 Step 8: AHI method

   (41)

If

 Switch to Step 1

Else

 ,

 Back to Step 8

 End

End

 Step 9: update time

 End

Output

SOC

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