Research Article

Multistep-Ahead Stock Price Forecasting Based on Secondary Decomposition Technique and Extreme Learning Machine Optimized by the Differential Evolution Algorithm

Table 4

The one-step, three-step, and five-step-ahead forecasting performance comparisons of the S&P 500 index and the HS300 index for different combined forecasting models considering residual decomposition.

ModelS&P 500 indexHS300 index

1-step
VMD-RES.-DE-ELM4.79353.75400.00138.24456.52210.0017
VMD-RES.-EEMD-DE-ELM3.49712.79500.00095.23584.17610.0011

3-step
VMD-RES.-DE-ELM6.06474.75390.00169.54747.48540.0020
VMD-RES.-EEMD-DE-ELM5.37764.36840.00159.23347.35160.0019

5-step
VMD-RES.-DE-ELM7.44835.84790.002011.20338.86130.0023
VMD-RES.-EEMD-DE-ELM7.07745.64580.001910.71848.51520.0022

Note. The best performance in all models.