A Hydrothermal Coupling Model for Estimating Temperature Variations in the Riparian Zone

Table 1

Summary of several representative thermal conductivity prediction models.

Model types	Model formula	Physical meaning of the parameters
Johansen model [29]		and are the thermal conductivities of soil under saturated and dry states, respectively, W/(m^3°C); and are the thermal conductivities of water and soil, respectively, W/(m^3°C); Sr is the degree of saturation ; is the bulk density, kg/m^3
Campbell model [30]		is the mass fraction of clay particles, %
Côté and Konrad model [31]		κ is a parameter related to the effect of the soil type on the relationship between Ke and Sr; the suggested value is 4.6 for crushed granite, 3.55 for sand, and 1.9 for silt and clay; χ and η are the material parameters accounting for the particle shape effect; the values of χ and η are 1.7 and 1.8 for crushed rocks, 0.75 and 1.2 for natural mineral soils, and 0.3 and 0.87 for organic fibrous soil, respectively
Lu model [32]		α is a soil texture dependent parameter, and the suggested values for coarse and fine textured soils are 0.96 and 0.27, respectively
Ren model [33]		ψ and ϕ are the shape factors of the Keq (θ) curve; γd is the dry volume weight of soil in KN/m^3, and γd = ρb·; Csand and Csilt are the mass fractions of sand and silt particles, respectively, %; Com is the mass ratio of organic matter, %