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| Literature reports | YM problems | Main contribution | Limitation |
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| Brooks and Button | Dynamic pricing strategy | Analyzed the pricing structure and proposed a potential application of yield management in container shipping | Proposed an overall application suggestion, without clear solution |
| Ha | Allocation control and pricing | Proposed an allocation control and pricing model | Evaluated revenue while cost was ignored, and the special characteristics of shipping were not reflected |
| Maragos | Allocation control and pricing | Proposed an allocation control and pricing model | Evaluated revenue while cost was ignored, and the special characteristics of shipping were not reflected |
| Ting and Tzeng | Allocation management | Proposed a conceptual model for liner shipping revenue management (LSRM) and recognized the special characteristics of empty container reposition of YM for container shipping | The empty container reposition fee, which is a variable cost, was calculated repeatedly in the objective function while cargo costs, transportation costs, equipment costs, vessel costs, and fuel cost were not reflected |
| Gordon et al. | Allocation management | Analyzed the weakness of the existing revenue measure and concluded that factors such as cost and utilization should be incorporated | The proposed new yield optimization measure still focuses on the increase in revenue per capacity unit |
| Zurheide and Fischer [23] | Allocation management | Proposed a slot allocation model to maximize expected profits through booking limits to different demand segments | The empty container reposition cost, container leasing, and storage costs were reflected in the slot allocation without distribution in the whole service network |
| Zurheide and Fischer [24] | Booking order control | Presented a booking limit strategy, nested booking limit strategy, and bid-price strategy based on the booking class defined by combined segmentation | The slot allocation model was evaluated by the average price and average cost without considering cost logic |
| Wang et al. [25] | Seasonal revenue problem | Proposed multitype container selection, routing, assignment, and sailing speed in each shipping leg of the service network | The model focused on maximizing seasonal profit; however, only operating cost was evaluated without considering cost logic. |
| Feng and Chang [26] | Allocation management | Optimized the space allocation model so that the same model is applicable to the complex port-to-port slot distribution networks of Asian port | Costs were not fully evaluated and empty container reposition cost was simply apportioned in the network without considering cost logic |
| Lee et al. [27] | Allocation management | Proposed control model for allocation distribution and recognized the special characteristics of empty container reposition of YM for container shipping | Costs were not fully evaluated and empty container reposition cost was simply apportioned in the network without considering cost logic |
| Lu and Mu [28] | Slot reallocation planning | Proposed an allocation control model under the circumstances of vessel delay and port operation restriction and recognized the special characteristics of empty container reposition of YM for container shipping | Available only under specific circumstances, and empty container reposition cost was simply apportioned in the network without considering cost logic |
| Liu and Yang [29] | Allocation management specially for sea-rail intermodal transportation | Proposed a two-stage slot control optimization mode to maximize expected revenue | Costs were not clearly identified and calculated for cargo contribution analysis, and the YM objective was not well reflected in the objective function |
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