Numerical Simulations of Air Cavities in Inclined Plunging Jets

Table 5

Comparison of the characteristic sizes of cavities for different methods (θ₀ = 90°, V_in = 1.5 m/s).

	L1/D	Dh/D	h/D	Lh/D	L2/D
Qu et al. (experiment) [10]	5.05	2.30	5.87	5.00	10.87
Zhu et al. (empirical formula) [5]	4.51	2.41	6.82	4.85	11.67
Khezzar et al. (LES of highly disturbed jet) [20]	5.50	2.33	4.42	5.17	9.59
Khezzar et al.(LES of weakly disturbed jet) [20]	5.16	1.83	3.92	4.58	8.50
This study	3.79	1.93	4.44	4.54	8.98
Relative error	24.92%	16.16%	24.39%	9.27%	17.43%

Relative error = |experimental value-simulated value in this study|/experimental value × 100%.