An Improved Recursive Total Least Squares Estimation of Capacity for Electric Vehicle Lithium-Iron Phosphate Batteries

Figure 3

Estimated capacity from the VFF-RTLS and the other three algorithms under the highway cycles: (a) highway current profile for one cycle; (b) whole current profile; (c) input SOC with noise; (d) estimated capacity; (e) estimation error as a percentage.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)