Numerical Approximation of Blast Loads on Confined Dry-Stacked Masonry Wall

<table class="table-group" id="tab7"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Test case</td><td class="align_center">Scaled distance, <svg height="15.184pt" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-3.8594pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.3246 59.8747 15.184" width="59.8747pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M475 445L452 468C423 436 401 426 385 426S352 427 305 436C268 443 216 448 185 448C156 448 128 425 102 382C89 360 77 338 64 304L89 291C117 340 143 380 190 380C214 380 268 376 295 373C320 370 344 371 362 374L70 101C32 65 23 36 23 18C23 5 27 -3 31 -8C36 -8 39 -6 42 -1C52 15 67 31 80 40S110 49 143 33C195 8 257 -20 290 -20C339 -20 382 11 439 129L416 148C366 74 334 55 305 55C278 55 236 68 203 81C169 94 141 100 122 96C205 170 348 308 411 376L475 445Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.107,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.37,0)"><path d="M610 18C585 26 567 34 540 68C517 97 499 128 476 171C452 215 425 276 413 304C496 332 570 394 570 494C570 555 545 595 509 619S419 650 364 650H139L133 622C216 615 219 612 203 527L129 132C112 40 105 36 23 28L17 0H279L285 28C199 34 194 40 211 132L239 284H284C320 284 334 275 351 236C374 182 394 140 420 93C459 23 495 -1 592 -8H600L610 18ZM480 485C480 424 449 372 403 342C374 323 338 316 293 316H245L291 562C296 589 301 601 311 608S337 618 358 618C432 618 480 575 480 485Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.521,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,38.514,-4.479)"><path d="M436 222C436 297 385 359 295 376V378C320 391 343 407 363 428S394 474 394 501C394 578 333 635 239 635C186 635 138 610 110 577L63 514L91 490C114 525 158 571 211 571C266 571 306 541 306 483C306 411 234 371 141 343L151 306C167 311 192 317 219 317C276 317 344 282 344 194C346 102 296 46 227 46C166 46 125 76 99 97C91 104 81 103 71 97C62 90 47 75 46 62C44 50 48 39 62 26C77 10 120 -12 168 -12C242 -12 436 62 436 222Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.473,-.079)"><path d="M778 808H735L485 -141H483L284 324L133 247L149 215L244 263L484 -298H486L778 808Z"></path></g><rect height="0.65243" width="15.1701" x="44.5079" y="-10.6223"></rect><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.508,0)"><path d="M962 650H739L732 622L760 619C812 613 819 604 798 552C760 457 671 267 606 131H604L511 638H480L237 131H233L183 554C177 607 183 614 226 619L248 622L257 650H24L17 622C88 615 92 611 103 524L173 -11H203L450 491H453L543 -11H575L839 529C882 609 886 613 953 622L962 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,55.285,3.132)"><path d="M398 365C398 411 356 451 297 451C250 451 198 430 151 397C65 336 24 230 24 139C24 14 97 -12 148 -12C198 -12 284 7 373 104L355 130C306 84 246 53 198 53C132 53 111 109 111 163V189C209 211 398 261 398 365ZM317 351C317 308 273 262 117 225C134 338 189 383 221 399C230 404 249 407 263 407C295 407 317 389 317 351Z"></path></g></svg> (m/kg<sup>1/3</sup>)</td><td class="align_center">Numerical peak incident overpressure (kPa)</td><td class="align_center">Experimental peak incident overpressure (kPa)</td><td class="align_center">Kingery-Bulmash peak incident overpressure (kPa)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">1</td><td class="align_center">2.23</td><td class="align_center">240</td><td class="align_center">260</td><td class="align_center">221</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">2</td><td class="align_center">1.77</td><td class="align_center">490</td><td class="align_center">498</td><td class="align_center">375</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">3</td><td class="align_center">1.55</td><td class="align_center">630</td><td class="align_center">590</td><td class="align_center">512</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">4</td><td class="align_center">1.41</td><td class="align_center">895</td><td class="align_center">1015</td><td class="align_center">638</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Summary of results of peak incident overpressure for wall specimen.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

tab7

Table 7

Table 7: Numerical Approximation of Blast Loads on Confined Dry-Stacked Masonry Wall 