Dingo Optimizer: A Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Approach for Engineering Problems

Table 8

Unimodal functions.

F	P value	DOX	GWO	PSO
F1	1.91E–64	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F2	3.62E–65	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F3	3.57E–36	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F4	2.87E–22	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F5	2.15E–24	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F6	1.94E–54	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F7	1.56E–13	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F8	1.59E–43	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F9	1.88E–87	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F10	1.29E–34	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F11	1.87E–35	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F12	2.36E–23	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F13	1.91E–98	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F14	6.35E–36	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F15	1.14E–07	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F16	2.63E–35	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F17	1.83E–58	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F18	4.61E–36	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F19	9.54E–15	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F20	1.99E–73	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F21	2.54E–62	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F22	8.11E–06	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F23	2.70E–18	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F24	5.55E–36	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F25	1.22E–87	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F26	7.66E–45	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F27	2.48E–69	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F28	2.31E–43	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO
F29	1.14E–47	GWO,PSO	DOX,PSO	DOX,GWO