Identification of Permanent Faults and Disturbance Induced by Deicing Based on Permutation Entropy for the Large-Scale Clean Energy Transmission in Winter

Table 2

Permanent failure of the ice-melting line.

Type	Fault distance (km)	Positive and negative poles	Variance
Disturbance	10	Negative	0.013
Disturbance	25	Positive	0.032
Disturbance	30	Negative	0.028
Disturbance	45	Positive	0.021
Disturbance	50	Negative	0.061
Disturbance	65	Positive	0.036
Fault	15	Negative	1.7129 × 10^−6
Fault	20	Positive	3.2447 × 10^−6
Fault	35	Negative	1.3610 × 10^−4
Fault	40	Positive	6.5241 × 10^−4
Fault	55	Negative	1.4890 × 10^−5
Fault	60	Positive	7.0781 × 10^−5