Physical Model Test on the Influence of Karst Cave under and in front of Pile on the Stability of Embedded End of Antislide Pile

Table 6

Comparative analysis of damage conditions for each model.

Operating conditions	Failure load (KN)	Initial crack development position	Crack growth pattern	Model failure mode
Karst cave under and in front of pile model	6.4	The bottom of the pile which is close to the active area behind pile	Penetrating the roof of the karst cave at approximately 90° from the horizontal	Damaged by tension
Karst cave under pile model	6.52	The bottom of the pile which is close to the active area behind pile	Penetrating the roof of the karst cave at approximately 90° from the horizontal	Damaged by tension
Karst cave in front of pile model	7.60	The surface of rock mass on the roof of karst cave in front of the pile	Penetrating the roof of the karst cave at approximately 45° from the horizontal	Damaged by pressure
Non-karst cave model	11.25	The bottom of the pile which is close to the active area behind pile	Extend to the back of pile at 60° from the horizontal	Damaged by tension