Research Article
An Enhanced Moth-Flame Optimization with Multiple Flame Guidance Mechanism for Parameter Extraction of Photovoltaic Models
Table 4
Solution accuracy of the EMFO and compared algorithms on the PV problems.
| | Func. | Results | EMFO | MFO | AMFO | GMFO | CMFO | LMFO | OMFO |
| | PV-F1 | Mean | 1.28E-03 | 1.74E-03ǂ | 3.11E-03ǂ | 1.74E-03ǂ | 1.94E-03ǂ | 2.06E-03ǂ | 1.59E-03ǂ | | Std. | 2.50E-04 | 3.73E-04 | 5.82E-04 | 4.83E-04 | 3.70E-04 | 4.05E-04 | 3.76E-04 | | value | | 5.87E-06 | 4.55E-19 | 9.74E-05 | 2.05E-09 | 9.41E-11 | 1.02E-03 | | H value | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| | PV-F2 | Mean | 1.27E-03 | 1.81E-03ǂ | 6.99E-03ǂ | 1.50E-03ǂ | 2.28E-03ǂ | 1.83E-03ǂ | 1.44E-03ǂ | | Std. | 2.21E-04 | 4.19E-04 | 2.27E-03 | 3.71E-04 | 3.92E-04 | 8.30E-04 | 2.16E-04 | | value | | 7.34E-07 | 9.23E-17 | 1.36E-02 | 5.57E-15 | 2.06E-03 | 9.98E-03 | | H value | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| | PV-F3 | Mean | 2.44E-03 | 2.51E-03ǂ | 2.60E-03∼ | 2.65E-03ǂ | 1.62E-03ξ | 2.43E-03∼ | 2.56E-03ǂ | | Std. | 1.71E-05 | 1.07E-04 | 1.46E-03 | 3.38E-04 | 3.82E-05 | 1.18E-03 | 2.02E-04 | | value | | 1.79E-03 | 5.86E-01 | 3.27E-03 | 5.56E-57 | 9.59E-01 | 6.34E-03 | | H value | | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | PV-F4 | Mean | 3.24E-03 | 5.64E-03ǂ | 2.23E-04ξ | 3.32E-03∼ | 1.73E-04ξ | 7.50E-04ξ | 3.69E-03ǂ | | Std. | 6.34E-04 | 2.30E-03 | 2.57E-05 | 4.88E-04 | 2.83E-05 | 1.59E-03 | 5.59E-04 | | value | | 7.30E-06 | 3.44E-28 | 6.05E-01 | 1.67E-28 | 2.94E-09 | 1.03E-02 | | H value | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| | PV-F5 | Mean | 3.38E-02 | 3.97E-02ǂ | 2.39E-04ξ | 3.14E-02∼ | 1.91E-02∼ | 2.95E-02∼ | 3.83E-02ǂ | | Std. | 5.46E-03 | 1.30E-02 | 1.19E-04 | 1.33E-02 | 9.48E-02 | 9.25E-02 | 5.06E-03 | | value | - | 4.17E-02 | 3.41E-33 | 4.13E-01 | 4.43E-01 | 8.18E-01 | 3.88E-03 | | H value | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | ǂ/ξ/∼ | | - | 5/0/0 | 2/2/1 | 3/0/2 | 2/2/1 | 2/1/2 | 5/0/0 |
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