Research Article

Differential Activation of Fetal Hofbauer Cells in Primigravidas Is Associated with Decreased Birth Weight in Symptomatic Placental Malaria

Table 2

Correlation analysis of hemozoin localization, Hofbauer cell, and maternal intervillous macrophage responses by gravidity.

HZ+ STBHZ+ HBC#HBCHBC M2%#MMMM M2%

HZ villi
Total
(n=17)
0.40
ns
0.53
ns
0.31
ns
0.03
ns
0.17
ns
0.35
ns
Primigravida
(n=9)
0.42
p>0.999
0.55
p>0.999
0.12
p>0.999
-0.43
p>0.999
0.35
p>0.999
0.33
p>0.999
Multigravida
(n=8)
0.22
p>0.999
0.45
p>0.999
0.34
p>0.999
0.34
p>0.999
-0.23
p>0.999
-0.29
p>0.999
HZ+ STB
Total10.850.30
p=0.247
-0.18
p>0.999
0.20
p>0.999
0.74p=0.020
Primigravida0.75
p=0.419
-0.25
p>0.999
-0.52
p>0.999
0.07
p>0.999
0.82
p=0.152
Multigravida0.88
p=0.084
0.42
p>0.999
0.04
p>0.999
0.36
p>0.999
-0.04
p>0.999
HZ+ HBC
Total10.29
p>0.999
-0.12
p>0.999
-0.01
p>0.999
0.66
p=0.117
Primigravida0.18
p>0.999
-0.45
p>0.999
-0.02
p>0.999
0.88p=0.033
Multigravida0.26
p>0.999
-0.07
p>0.999
-0.05
p>0.999
-0.07
p>0.999
HBC
Total1-0.04
p>0.999
0.36
p>0.999
0.31
p>0.999
Primigravida-0.38
p>0.999
0.57
p>0.999
-0.07
p>0.999
Multigravida0.32
p>0.999
0.14
p>0.999
0.46
p>0.999
HBC M2
Total1-0.46
p>0.999
-0.16
p>0.999
Primigravida-0.57
p=0.139
-0.23
p>0.999
Multigravida0.05
p>0.999
-0.36
p>0.999
Total10.03
p>0.999
Primigravida-0.23
p>0.999
Multigravida-0.14
p>0.999

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients with Bonferroni’s correction (r) and p-values are indicated for each pairwise comparison between % villi with HZ (HZ+ villi), mean numbers of STB with HZ per 400x HPF (HZ+STB), mean numbers of HBC with HZ per 400x HPF (HZ+ HBC), mean numbers of HBC per 400x HPF (#HBC), M2 percentage of HBC (HBC M2%), mean numbers of maternal macrophage (MM) per 400x HPF (#MM), and M2 percentage of MM (MM M2%). Data is shown for the total of all malaria-positive patients (n=17) and stratified by gravidity (primigravidas n=9, multigravidas n=8). Statistically significant values, defined as p<0.05, are shown in bold.
Abbreviations: HZ, hemozoin; STB, syncytiotrophoblast; HBC, Hofbauer cell; MM, maternal macrophage; HPF, high-powered field