New Theories on Boundary Layer Transition and Turbulence Formation

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="619419.fig.0013a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/619419/figures/619419.fig.0013a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b> Vortex ring without legs</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="619419.fig.0013b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/619419/figures/619419.fig.0013b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>Vortex ring with legs</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Vortex rings with or without legs. </table>

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

fig13

Figure 13

Figure 13: New Theories on Boundary Layer Transition and Turbulence Formation 