New Theories on Boundary Layer Transition and Turbulence Formation

<table>Isosurface of <svg height="14.475" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.675 14.475" width="14.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝜆</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.19,60.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> and stream trace at  <svg height="11.1" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 78.900002 11.1" width="78.900002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.12)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0">5</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0">3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.883369" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.134869" y="0">.</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.26062" y="0">3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.512119" y="0">4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.763618" y="0">8</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg><svg height="14.475" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.5 14.475" width="16.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝛿</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.16,60.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">i</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0">n</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>.</table>

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

New Theories on Boundary Layer Transition and Turbulence Formation

Figure 20