Modeling the Dynamic Failure of Railroad Tank Cars Using a Physically Motivated Internal State Variable Plasticity/Damage Nonlocal Model
Figure 3
Comparison of the damage distribution of double-notched edge specimen numerical tensile tests using the nonlocal BCJ model, coarse (a) and fine (b) meshes; the value of the length scale used in the simulations is 9 mm. The nonlocal damage method has spread the damage to neighboring regions; also, note the similarity between the damage pattern in the two cases.
