Transient Air-Water Flow and Air Demand following an Opening Outlet Gate

Table 1

Air entrainment formulas for steady hydraulic jump.

Reference	Pipe shape
Kalinske & Bliss [2]	Circular	0.0066	1.40
Ahmed et al. [11]	Circular	0.040	0.85
Escarameia et al. [12]	Circular	0.0025	1.80
Rajaratnam [13]	Rectangular	0.018	1.245
Wisner et al. [14]	Rectangular	0.014	1.40
Rabben et al. [15]	Rectangular	0.030	0.76